Washington
Post
Improve
on Red vs. Blue
Winner-take-all systems leave out too many voters.
By
William Raspberry
Monday, October 18, 2004; Page A19
Four
years after a dead-heat presidential election came near to producing
a constitutional crisis, it's odd what stands out in my
memory. Not the butterfly ballots and the hanging chads; those were
mechanical failures, and quite fixable. Not Florida's partisan
secretary of state, its on-again off-again recount efforts, nor even
the U.S. Supreme Court's delivery of the state -- and the election
-- to George W. Bush. Those were human failings of the sort that
matter only in very close elections.
What I remember most starkly is the fact that very nearly half of
the Floridians who bothered to register and go to the polls (and who
managed to survive the challenges of confusing ballots and human
roadblocks) might as well have stayed at home. Approximately 3
million Floridians delivered all of their state's 25 electoral votes
to Bush. The same number of voters less 537 -- the size of the
official margin -- delivered nothing.
How could anyone imagine that to be fair?
Florida sticks in my mind, of course, because by the time it came
to Florida, it was known that that state held the election in the
balance. The flaw, however, was not Florida's but the
winner-take-all electoral system used by 48 of the 50 states in
presidential elections. Millions of Texas Democrats and New York
Republicans had their votes similarly disregarded. If you didn't
vote for the winner, your vote didn't count.
And here we are headed toward what may be another close election.
Isn't it time to fix the system?
As a matter of fact, several repair efforts are underway. Maine
and Nebraska do not follow the winner-take-all rule. (If their
system had been in place in Florida, supporters of George Bush and
Al Gore would have been arguing over which candidate should get 13
electoral votes and which one only 12.) Enacting some form of
proportionate allocation of electoral votes makes sense to me.
Interestingly, it's up to the individual states to do it, though at
the moment only Colorado is considering the change.
One of the more interesting electoral reforms is underway in San
Francisco, where voters next month will select their top choice for
a seat on the city's Board of Supervisors -- but also have a chance
to mark their second and third choices.
If you think this doesn't sound like much, you ought to talk to
Rob Richie, executive director of the Center for Voting and
Democracy and my frequent guide on voting systems. Three things
about the rank-voting system appeal to Richie. First, it increases
the likelihood that any particular voter will have helped to elect a
candidate to office, a fact that Richie believes might help to
reduce voter apathy. Second, it makes it possible for a voter to
support a dark-horse candidate -- say, a third-party hopeful --
without helping his least favorite candidate in the process.
Say John McCain is on the ballot and he is your first choice. Under
the present system, a vote for McCain would be a vote taken away
from your second favorite, Bush, and in effect a vote for John
Kerry. Under a rank-order system, either your first choice wins or
your vote goes to your second choice.
But what really excites Richie about the system is that it tends
to drive candidates and campaigns toward coalition-building and
civility. "The present system leads candidates to sharpen, even
exaggerate, their differences with their challengers," he says.
"The result is a sort of polarization that marginalizes
moderates of both parties. But the candidate who thinks he may need
your second-choice vote to win will tend to reach out to -- or at
least not antagonize -- voters whose first choice is someone
else."
The people simply aren't as polarized as the system paints them.
Florida wound up being a red state, though virtually half of its
voters were blue. The truth is, with a small handful of exceptions,
the states are various shades of purple.
Wouldn't it be a good thing for our politics to acknowledge that
fact? |