At long last: A truly fair popular presidential vote?By Neal R. Peirce
Published March 5th 2006 in The Houston Chronicle
EVER since the 1960s, when I wrote a book optimistically titled The
People's President — I've been intrigued, and frustrated, by the
Electoral College. How could we stick with a system that cavalierly
values some votes over others, failing to assure the election of the
winner of the popular vote?
So when news came last week of an inventive proposal to guarantee a popular vote victory, bypassing the tortuous path of constitutional amendment, I felt a rare surge of political hope.
The new idea is disarmingly simple: Use the instrument of interstate compact to recast the system, guaranteeing the popular vote candidate's election, not from Washington down, but from the states up.
All 50 states and the District of Columbia would be invited to pass identical measures, compact legislation under which they agree to cast 100 percent of their electoral votes for the presidential candidate who receives the largest total number of popular votes in all states. The compact would go into effect when — but only when — states with votes constituting a majority of the Electoral College (270 of the total of 538) signed up.
Who's behind this new idea? On the one hand, I discovered, some warhorses of yesteryear, former congressional leaders who'd been frustrated system reformers. Among them: former Sen. Birch Bayh, D-Ind., leader of Electoral College reform efforts in the 1960s and '70s, and former Rep. John B. Anderson, R-Ill., an independent candidate for president in 1980.
But reform ranks have swelled with a new generation of direct vote advocates, including Common Cause and FairVote and a coterie of computer experts, lawyers and political scientists. Among them: John R. Koza, a Stanford University computer scientist who came across the idea of compacts while pushing interstate lottery agreements as CEO of Scientific Games Inc. Koza is lead author of a new book — Every Vote Equal: A State-Based Plan for Electing the President, featured on the group's newly launched Web site, NationalPopularVote.com.
Koza notes how the Constitution accords state governments total discretion on how they pick their presidential electors. Plus, he adds, the Constitution allows interstate compacts, a power the courts have upheld, even without a specific congressional OK. Literally hundreds of compacts now exist, states agreeing on every topic from borders to collecting taxes to allocating waters in river basins.
The new proposal, say backers, wouldn't just assure that the popular-vote winner really becomes president. It would also correct today's distorted presidential politics, in which virtually all presidential campaigning gets focused on a handful of battleground states.
Candidates virtually ignore about two-thirds of America — politically safe Republican Texas and Georgia, for example, or normally Democratic New York, California and Illinois. The "safe" states, notes Anderson, end up as "flyover territory, tossed on the scrap heap and ignored."
Bayh concurs: Under today's system, there's no incentive for voters in safely red or blue states to vote — "It's a 'stay-at-home plan.'"
Is the plan partisanly neutral? Yes, argue proponents. President Bush won the Electoral College in 2000 by edging out Al Gore by 537 votes in Florida, even though Gore won 543,895 more popular votes nationally. But in 2004, a switch of just 59,301 votes in Ohio would have given Sen. John Kerry an Electoral College majority even though Bush led nationally by 3 million votes. Today's system, it turns out, is a bipartisan spoiler, Russian roulette, ready any election year to destroy either party's popular mandate.
As for the argument that small states now have an advantage, by virtue of their guaranteed base of two "extra" electoral votes, it turns out 12 of the 13 smallest states are ignored in elections — six because they're safely Democratic, six because they're safely Republican (New Hampshire being the only competitive state in group).
Illinois may be first off the wire to act on the new proposal. Sponsors include a prominent conservative, state Sen. Kirk Dillard, the DuPage County Republican chair, and state Sen. Jacqueline Collins, D-Chicago, an African-American liberal.
I'm betting ambitious legislators everywhere will start sponsoring the newly proposed plan as a way to gain broad, favorable public recognition on an issue that resonates with a big majority of voters.
And where legislatures might not act, Koza asserts, the proposal can, in many states, be pushed as a popular ballot initiative.
Realistically, this new plan is too late for 2008 — at the best, it could be in place by 2012. But watch it gather momentum, argues Anderson — it bypasses the painfully slow and difficult process of constitutional amendment, even while carrying out the framers' intent that states should decide on how electoral votes are cast.
Anderson argues it's a "a sweetheart of an idea." Barring appearance of some lurking legal flaw, I think he's right. Hope, at last!
Peirce is a syndicated columnist who specializes in city and state affairs. ([email protected])
So when news came last week of an inventive proposal to guarantee a popular vote victory, bypassing the tortuous path of constitutional amendment, I felt a rare surge of political hope.
The new idea is disarmingly simple: Use the instrument of interstate compact to recast the system, guaranteeing the popular vote candidate's election, not from Washington down, but from the states up.
All 50 states and the District of Columbia would be invited to pass identical measures, compact legislation under which they agree to cast 100 percent of their electoral votes for the presidential candidate who receives the largest total number of popular votes in all states. The compact would go into effect when — but only when — states with votes constituting a majority of the Electoral College (270 of the total of 538) signed up.
Who's behind this new idea? On the one hand, I discovered, some warhorses of yesteryear, former congressional leaders who'd been frustrated system reformers. Among them: former Sen. Birch Bayh, D-Ind., leader of Electoral College reform efforts in the 1960s and '70s, and former Rep. John B. Anderson, R-Ill., an independent candidate for president in 1980.
But reform ranks have swelled with a new generation of direct vote advocates, including Common Cause and FairVote and a coterie of computer experts, lawyers and political scientists. Among them: John R. Koza, a Stanford University computer scientist who came across the idea of compacts while pushing interstate lottery agreements as CEO of Scientific Games Inc. Koza is lead author of a new book — Every Vote Equal: A State-Based Plan for Electing the President, featured on the group's newly launched Web site, NationalPopularVote.com.
Koza notes how the Constitution accords state governments total discretion on how they pick their presidential electors. Plus, he adds, the Constitution allows interstate compacts, a power the courts have upheld, even without a specific congressional OK. Literally hundreds of compacts now exist, states agreeing on every topic from borders to collecting taxes to allocating waters in river basins.
The new proposal, say backers, wouldn't just assure that the popular-vote winner really becomes president. It would also correct today's distorted presidential politics, in which virtually all presidential campaigning gets focused on a handful of battleground states.
Candidates virtually ignore about two-thirds of America — politically safe Republican Texas and Georgia, for example, or normally Democratic New York, California and Illinois. The "safe" states, notes Anderson, end up as "flyover territory, tossed on the scrap heap and ignored."
Bayh concurs: Under today's system, there's no incentive for voters in safely red or blue states to vote — "It's a 'stay-at-home plan.'"
Is the plan partisanly neutral? Yes, argue proponents. President Bush won the Electoral College in 2000 by edging out Al Gore by 537 votes in Florida, even though Gore won 543,895 more popular votes nationally. But in 2004, a switch of just 59,301 votes in Ohio would have given Sen. John Kerry an Electoral College majority even though Bush led nationally by 3 million votes. Today's system, it turns out, is a bipartisan spoiler, Russian roulette, ready any election year to destroy either party's popular mandate.
As for the argument that small states now have an advantage, by virtue of their guaranteed base of two "extra" electoral votes, it turns out 12 of the 13 smallest states are ignored in elections — six because they're safely Democratic, six because they're safely Republican (New Hampshire being the only competitive state in group).
Illinois may be first off the wire to act on the new proposal. Sponsors include a prominent conservative, state Sen. Kirk Dillard, the DuPage County Republican chair, and state Sen. Jacqueline Collins, D-Chicago, an African-American liberal.
I'm betting ambitious legislators everywhere will start sponsoring the newly proposed plan as a way to gain broad, favorable public recognition on an issue that resonates with a big majority of voters.
And where legislatures might not act, Koza asserts, the proposal can, in many states, be pushed as a popular ballot initiative.
Realistically, this new plan is too late for 2008 — at the best, it could be in place by 2012. But watch it gather momentum, argues Anderson — it bypasses the painfully slow and difficult process of constitutional amendment, even while carrying out the framers' intent that states should decide on how electoral votes are cast.
Anderson argues it's a "a sweetheart of an idea." Barring appearance of some lurking legal flaw, I think he's right. Hope, at last!
Peirce is a syndicated columnist who specializes in city and state affairs. ([email protected])
Election Day '09 was a roller-coaster for election reformers. Instant runoff voting had a great night in Minnesota, where St. Paul voters chose to implement IRV for its city elections, and Minneapolis voters used IRV for the first time—with local media touting it as a big success. As the Star-Tribune noted in endorsing IRV for St. Paul, Tuesday’s elections give the Twin Cities a chance to show the whole state of Minnesota the benefits of adopting IRV. There were disappointments in Lowell and Pierce County too, but high-profile multi-candidate races in New Jersey and New York keep policymakers focused on ways to reform elections; the Baltimore Sun and Miami Herald were among many newspapers publishing commentary from FairVote board member and former presidential candidate John Anderson on how IRV can mitigate the problems of plurality elections.